Turtles being sold in boxes at a pet expo.

Animal Mills: Suffering for Profits

The vast majority of animals—wild or not—sold in pet stores come from cruel commercial breeding facilities, known as mills. Additionally, wild animals may be supplied by companies that import animals from foreign mills or the wild.

What Is an Animal Mill?

Similar to puppy mills, reptile, bird, and small mammal mills produce as many animals as quickly as possible without regard for their well-being. Dead animals are just seen as the cost of doing business.  

  • Veterinary care is inadequate or absent. Injuries and illness are often ignored. 
  • Animals may be forced to fight for limited food and water. 
  • Sanitation is poor due to severe overcrowding.
  • Animals receive little to no social enrichment.  

You can lose up to 50 to 60 ball pythons a day. It's going to happen. Nothing you can do about it. 

North Carolina reptile dealer on the high mortality rate in the pet trade

Minimal Legal Protections for Wild Animals in the Pet Trade

The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) is the primary animal protection law in the US. It regulates animals used in research and exhibition (like in circuses and zoos) and some commercial animal breeders such as puppy mills and dealers. 

But the AWA: 

  • Only creates minimal welfare standards. 
  • Is chronically underenforced.
  • Excludes reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. 

After the Mills

If an animal survives the mill, their suffering isn’t over. Once in a human home, reptiles, amphibians, and birds are often kept in small tanks and cages that don’t come close to the freedom they’d experience in the wild.  

Below are three wild animal species sold by big-box pet stores:

Red-eared slider turtle in the wild on a pond.
Red-eared sliders, an aquatic turtle with a range from West Virginia to New Mexico, enjoy quiet waters with soft, muddy bottoms like swamps and streams. The terrariums offered for sale at most pet stores range from 20 to 75 gallons, a fraction of their natural habitat.
ball_python
Ball pythons live in the shrublands of Benin, Togo, Ghana, and neighboring countries. Far from “low maintenance,” at minimum, they need enclosures where they can stretch out, bathe fully submerged, and express burrowing behavior.
Pacman frogs thrive in the warm, humid forests of Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. Like all wild animals, they don’t enjoy human interaction. Even PetSmart’s own website notes “Pacman frogs do not like to be handled.”
Monk Parakeet

A monk parakeet's home in the wild is at least 27 million times larger than the bird cage recommended by a national pet retailer.

An African gray parrot bites a cage.

How You Can Help

Animals aren’t products and don’t belong on store shelves. Urge PetSmart and Petco to stop selling animals.